Essay about Morals and Ethics - 1134 Words

Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Nietzsche all had their own ideas for which one could reach happiness in his/her life. All have similarities in there reasoning except Nietzshe, who contradicts the others entirely. Plato states that to understand virtue is happiness. In turn virtue suffices for happiness and is necessary. Also he intuits that human reasoning prevails over spirited element or a person?s appetite. Aristotle?s arguments relate with Plato, but he builds more to it and finds his own answers. He agrees that all people desire happiness and virtue is necessary for happiness. In same mind with Plato, Aristotle says happiness comes from perfecting our minds and characters. Unlike Plato, Aristotle questions and concludes that virtue†¦show more content†¦I find that all the views are a bit primitive. If any of the mentioned people were alive in the world today his views would be dramatically changed. 2. The Platonic virtue of justice consists with that of the human soul, the virtues Plato holds important, and personality types of the people. Justice is the virtue of the soul and it allows it to perform its function well. To live happily and morally one must be just. One who understands goodness will comprehend Plato?s Idea of the Good. He finds that wisdom and courage are needed virtues. As these virtues are understood they work in harmony and lead to the virtue of temperance. The soul is now enabled to perform its function well. Justice follows from this harmony. To be virtuous one must be in accordance with the right conduct. Plato states our actions must reflect the desired inner harmony of our soul. Right conduct is that which promotes, sustains, or issues from virtuous character. One must look at the effects of his/her actions and decide if it leads to a virtuous soul and character. 3. Plato and Aristotle reason that ones functions relate to the metaphysical. Plato created the titles of ?the world of forms? and ?the world of shadows?. The world of forms is based on the spiritual and the world of shadows is what is physical. His focus is on the importance of what is spiritual. His teleology focuses on the soul. Aristotle?s views are slightlyShow MoreRelatedMorals Vs. Ethics : Morals And Ethics Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesMorals vs. Ethics Morals and ethics are often thought of as interchangeable terms, and both can be applied in various situations. Morals are ultimately the â€Å"groundwork† for ethics. However, the two nouns have a distinct meaning. Morals are internal principles that a person focuses upon when deciding between right or wrong conduct. A person’s true character can be revealed by understanding that said person’s morals. Ethics are a set of rules or rules of conduct that a person follows due to socialRead MoreEthics : Morals And Ethics1626 Words   |  7 PagesHuff General Psychology September 19, 2015 Morals and Ethics What are morals and ethics? In reality these two words can mean many different things to many different people. Definitively, morals are â€Å"concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior† (Merriam-Webster.com). This is where it becomes complicated, because establishing what is really right and wrong and getting rid of the grey areas in an imperfect world is impossible. Ethics are â€Å"rules of behavior based on ideas aboutRead MoreThe Ethics Of Morals And Ethics942 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to no surprise that morals and ethics are an important concept in our daily lives. However despite being taught about things that are moral or ethical even from a young age they still have a large importance. Ethics as explained previously explained are a set of principles to better guide human behavior. Morals also function similarly. Morals assume that human nature has an affinity for good rather than evil and injustice. Combining these two principles moral s and ethics make sure we make moreRead MoreMorals and Ethics1023 Words   |  5 PagesMorals and Ethics in Society Kalob Lisk Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on July 14, 2016, for Thomas Santangelo’s B406 Business Law and Ethical Behavior course. Morals and Ethics in Society Morals and ethics in society play major roles in our lives and our work environments and I am more than happy to write this research paper to help explain the similarities and its key differences. And this research paper will also include where both morals and ethicsRead MoreMoral Ethics1041 Words   |  5 Pagesdimensions. Each organization’s culture is unique to it and it governs the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors of its members (Turner, 1998). In dealing with criminal justice ethics, organizational culture may influence the level at which ethics would be applied. Additionally, when handling matters of police misconduct, ethics are likely to be compromised. This assertion is due to some organizational cultural practices practiced by most police departments. For instance, when dealing with misconductRead MoreEthics, Moral, And Moral Theory927 Words   |  4 Pagesis the aim of moral (ethical) theory that you learned from the reading? Elaborate on this by explaining how you think that having a clearer understanding of ethics can affect your life. The purpose and aim for moral theory has to do with the desire to have some method to follow when we reason about what is morally right and wrong. In other words, the main aim of moral theory is to discover a decision procedure that can be used to guide correct moral reasoning about matters of moral concern (3 Timmons)Read MoreWhat Is Ethics? Ethics Or Morals?2293 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is ethics? Ethics or morals are rules for distinguish between right and wrong, a code of professional conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Most of our societies also have legal rules that govern behaviour but ethical norms tend to be border and more informal that laws .An action may be legal but unethical Aim of ethical Guidance The aim of the guidelines is to allow the researcher’s or individual to make ethical judgements and decisions to be informed byRead MoreEthics, Morals, And Upbringing996 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of ethics there have been many debatable questions asked. Some of these questions of ethics are broad and some are very straight forward. 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In contrary, we must acknowledgeRead MoreThe Foundation Of Morals And Ethics992 Words   |  4 PagesThe foundation of morals and ethics are guides to human behavior stemming from our intrinsic disposition as social creatures. Morals are defined as â€Å"social elements that tend to have greater social value in accordance with standards of right and wrong† and ethics as the â€Å"study of problems which seeks to discover how one ought to act† (PhilosophyLander Edu). As social creatures the fear of rejection or being judged as an outcast is frightening. This drives us to become a conformist avoiding the feeling

The Danger Of A Single Story - 1070 Words

â€Å"There s always room for a story that can transport people to another place.† (J.K Rowling). While this may be true for some stories, other stories tend to lead misbeliefs about a time period or place. That is what Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie explains throughout her telling of â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story.† She states how a story can mislead people to generalize how a place is or how the people are. Everyone at some point has heard a story that made them believe a misconception about a place. Adichie starts off her speech by introducing how the first stories she read made her believe that British people drank ginger beer even if she doesn’t even know what ginger beer is. Many stories about Africa impoverish it as a place with few resources with only the necessities needed to survive. She would later state how she grew up in a middle class family with parents with a job. Chimamanda Adichie claims that stories can create stereotypes and her purpose is to no t let one story influence a person’s thoughts on a person or place. Adichie starts off the speech by telling the story of her childhood. As a child, she wrote stories that her characters were white and blue-eyed, played in the snow, and talked about how lovely that the sun came out. From the books she read from foreign places, these stories describe the people as this so it leads Adichie to think that people from these places are like this based on the single story told by the books. She then talks about as a young girl, herShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Singles Stories1372 Words   |  6 Pageslifetime people hear thousands of single stories from people, places, and things. This makes the passing of information very dangerous. A single story means, a limited viewpoint, or only seeing something from one angle. As proved in many cases, this is very dangerous in knowing the whole story from every perspective. In many cases the source you are hearing this from may have opinions or facts beyond the point adjusting your way of thinking. The dangers of si ngles stories was noted by Chimamanda NgoziRead MoreThe Danger Of A Single Story1158 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in the article, â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story†, she proclaims that when there is just one single story of someone or something, it can be detrimental to said subject. It can be detrimental to a group of people, because that one single story can make great people seem horrible. Having one single story about a beautiful place can make it sound terrifying. The world is multidimensional and having just one explanation of something, can make somethingRead MoreThe Danger Of A Single Story1489 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor, gave a stunning speech about â€Å"the Danger of a Single Story†. In her speech, she mentioned about negative consequences happening when people tend to form stereotypes based on a single story, the one-sided argument. The single story blindfolds our eyes and prevents us from seeing the complexity , diversity, and similarities that construct our world, just as Adichie says â€Å"these negative stories is to flatten my experience and overlook the many other stories that formed me† (12:56). Listening to allRead MoreThe Danger of a Single Story804 Words   |  4 PagesRanda ElFouly The Danger of a Single Story - A speech that was said by Chimamanda Adichie that inspired me to write this report. Chimamanda Adichie began talking about this thing she liked to call â€Å"a single story.† The Danger of a Single Story is about having a one sided perspective on different cultures and countries. She explains that she originally had a single story of writing because as a kid, all she had read were children’s books from America or England and all the characters in theseRead MoreDanger of a Single Story1661 Words   |  7 PagesReflection on â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† By Chimamanda Adichie Why this all fuss about a â€Å"single story†? So what is a single story? Does this mean manipulation of ‘a single story’ by countless re-telling and thus creating an ‘entrenched’ view in our minds which we fail to challenge and investigate with a forward-looking vision? No wonder, this leads to a lot of assumptions, half-truths and stereotypes when this story is passed on from one to another. For example a lot of people thinkRead MoreLiterary Essay : The Danger Of A Single Story1091 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout a persons life they are bound to do one of the following; be apart of a single story, struggle with their identity or stereotype someone or something. Literature reflects this experience people have with their identity. The single story is something that affects everyone, consistently and can be seen throughout literature; everything and everyone has a single story. In The Danger of a Single Story, Adichie talks about its impact; this is also explored in Supamans lyrics, and HopeRead MoreThe Danger Of A Single Story By Nancy Mairs984 Words   |  4 Pagesof many overlapping stories. A single story confines a corner of the world to a generalized stereotype. Chimamanda Adichie in TED talk, The Danger of a Single Story, addresses that â⠂¬Å"if you hear a single story about a person or a country we risk a critical understanding.† Adichie also states, â€Å"a single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not what they are untrue, but they are incomplete.† Adichie believes everyone is guilty in creating single stories and they are dangerousRead MoreThe Danger Of A Single Story By Chimamanda Ngozi838 Words   |  4 PagesIn her TED Talk â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story†, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie shared her personal experiences on how the stereotypes that are presented in the literature towards people from other cultures would actually be misleading to the readers and have negative influence on their cross-cultural communication. The danger of a single story lies not so much in lacking of knowledge or understanding of people from other culture, but rather in people’s leaving no room and possibilities for themselves toRead MoreAdichies Speech : The Danger Of A Single Story982 Words   |  4 Pagesof seven, stories in pencil with crayon illustrations that my poor mother was obligated to read, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, and they talked a lot about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out.† CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE was born in Nigeria, at the age of nineteen she emigrated to the United States to study for college. In her speech, The Danger of a Single Story she talksRead MoreChimamanda Adichies The Danger Of The Single Story805 Words   |  4 Pagespossible way a particular story takes hold of the beliefs of a person. Chimamanda Adichie’s â€Å"The Danger of the Single Story,† talks about how the â€Å"single story† can take hold of not only a person, but a society, thus making that story the only story (Adichie 2009). This singular view of a particular group of people, place, or another topic i s usually defined in many different elements such as literature and power, all the way to poverty and dignity (Adichie 2009). The â€Å"single story† is produced narrow

Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Abstraction Suicide is a major cause of mortality worldwide. It is a human calamity that accounts for an estimated one million deceases yearly. This translates to at least one decease ensuing from self-destruction every 40 seconds. We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The magnitude of the job is farther compounded by the fact that the incidence of attempted self-destruction is about 25 times more than that of completed self-destruction. Every act of suicide impacts on at least six other persons. Suicide rates have increased by approximately 60 % over the last 45 old ages, therefore representing a major public wellness load. These rates are grossly underreported globally and many developing states, including Nigeria, do non hold meaningful records of deceases and their causes. There is dearth of information as respects the incidence of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, with the exclusion of a few recent surveies. A systematic online reappraisal of published literature on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria was conducted and relevant articles reviewed. This article chronicles the development of research on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, from isolated studies in the 1960s to more recent, large-scale epidemiological studies in the last decennary. It farther high spots the demand for an efficient system of wellness records with efficient certification of deceases and their causes, and a alteration in the state ‘s statute law with regard to suicide and suicidal behaviors. Writers Dr. J. O. Abdulmalik Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Dr. O.O. Ayinde, Senior Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Alabi Omolabake Oluwadamilola Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Alabi Adeleke Ifeoluwa, Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. All correspondence to: jfutprints @ yahoo.com, labek125 @ yahoo.com Introduction Mental, neurological and substance usage upsets make a significant part to the planetary load of disease ( GBD ) , which is estimated with the disability-adjusted life old ages ( DALY ) metric, assigned to each disease/disorder. The DALY is the amount of two composite steps: the old ages lived with disablement ( YLD ) and the old ages of life lost ( YLL ) due to a specified disease within the entire population. Suicide accounted for 1.8 % of the entire disease load as at 1998, but is projected to lift to 2.4 % by the twelvemonth 2020. [ 1 ] Mental and behavioral upsets are common, and will impact one in every four individuals at some clip during their lives. [ 2 ] The World Health Organization ( WHO ) defines suicide as ‘the act of killing oneself, intentionally initiated and performed by the individual concerned in the full cognition or outlook of its fatal result ‘ . [ 3 ] While several definitions exist, suicide merely means the knowing act of stoping one ‘s ain life. Suicide is the 3rd prima cause of decease among immature people, aged 15 to 44 old ages, and ranks second for striplings between ages 15 and 19 old ages old. [ 4 ] These studies have prompted the WHO to go smartly involved in runing to convey the public wellness load and impact of self-destruction to the attending of authoritiess, policymakers and the populace through the bite and airing of statistics, and the development of preventative plans. It is estimated that globally, about one million deceases occur from self-destruction every twelvemonth ; which approximately translates to one self-destruction decease every 40 seconds. The incidence of attempted self-destruction is 25 times more common than completed self-destruction. It is besides the most of import cause of violent decease worldwide, accounting for 49 % of all instances. Other major subscribers to violent deceases worldwide include homicide ( 32 % ) ; with struggles and wars doing up the staying 19 % . It should be borne in head that the act of perpetrating self-destruction, is neither a disease nor a pathological status ; but mental upsets are often found to be associated with it, particularly depression. [ 5 ] Beyond numbering the Numberss of self-destruction and suicidal efforts nevertheless, is the frequently undiscovered psychological load from feelings of guilt, sorrow and torment, which is frequently experienced by the household members and close associates of persons who commit self-destruction. Every act of self-destruction, affects averagely six other people, at the really minimal. [ 5 ] This impact becomes amplified, when a self-destruction occurs in a public state of affairs, such as in a school or work environment. Non-fatal suicidal ideas and behaviors normally precede successful suicide Acts of the Apostless and should be seen as of import calls for aid and intercession, when they occur. They may be classified into three classs: Suicidal ideation, which refers to ideas of prosecuting in behaviour, aimed at stoping one ‘s life. Suicidal program, which refers to the preparation of a specific method and readyings towards stoping his ain life. Suicidal effort, which refers to engagement in potentially self-injurious behavior with some grade of uttered purpose to decease. Etiology The undermentioned factors have been found to be associated with self-destruction. [ 6 ] Sociable: These include factors such as the absence of meaningful household ties or societal interactions which could ensue in egocentric self-destruction. Alienation or a interruption in the relationship between an person and the society due to societal or economic diverseness may ensue in alienated self-destruction ; while inordinate integrating and submergence into a given society may take to selfless self-destruction, supposedly for the greater good of that society. Psychological: This includes aggression and ill will turned inward against the ego, as stated by Sigmund Freud ; overpowering feelings of hopelessness as suggested by Aaron Beck ; and cognitive bottleneck of picks as observed by Edward Scheidman among persons with self-destructive inclinations. Biological: Self-destructive behaviors have been linked with lessened degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cardinal nervous system. Post mortem findings besides indicate low degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine and some non-specific alterations in the noradrenergic system of self-destruction victims. Familial: Suicidal behaviours may run in households. A positive household history of self-destruction increases the hazard both for attempted and completed self-destruction. Medical: Chronic and enfeebling physical unwellnesss may increase the hazard for self-destruction. Mental upsets besides belong to this class and represent the most of import associated factors in self-destruction. Examples include depression ( associated with over 90 % of instances ) , intoxicant maltreatment, personality upsets, and schizophrenic disorder. Completed self-destruction is more common in males ; nevertheless suicide efforts and consider self-harm ( DSH ) are commoner among females and include Acts of the Apostless of toxic condition, cutting, and firing. Suicide is barely of all time the effect of a individual ground, but may instead result as a consequence of a multiple factors moving in concert to convey about such an act. These hazard factors have been classified into single, socio-cultural and situational factors, as depicted in Table 1. [ 1 ] Table 1: Hazard factors for suicidea? ° Individual Socio-cultural Situational Mental upset Stigmatization of health-seeking behaviour Fiscal troubles Alcohol or drug maltreatment Lack of entree to healthcare services, including mental wellness Social losingss and dislocation of important emotional relationships Hopelessness Cultural and spiritual beliefs lauding self-destruction as a baronial mercantile establishment in the face of personal troubles Ready entree to lethal agencies Previous self-destruction effort Exposure to suicidal behaviours, through the media and the influence of others who have died by self-destruction Nerve-racking life events Isolation and deficiency of societal support Aggressive inclinations Impulsivity History of injury or maltreatment Acute emotional hurt Major physical or chronic unwellnesss Family history of self-destruction a? °Modified from the WHO publication, â€Å" Public wellness action for the bar of self-destruction: a model, WHO ; 2012 † . GLOBAL SITUATION AND TRENDS Suicide rates have increased by 60 % worldwide, in the last 45 old ages, with an estimated planetary incidence rate of 16 per 100,000. [ 7 ] This tendency is happening despite the betterments in the acknowledgment and direction of depression and other mental upsets, and the increased handiness of newer medicines with better and more tolerable side effects. The incidence of self-destruction is normally reported as a rate per 100,000 on a state footing. States such as Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus which record 30 or more deceases per 100,000 are classified as high rate states. States with Numberss runing from 10 to 29 per 100,000 such as Japan, Hungary, and China have in-between rates ; while those states with fewer than 10 suicide deceases per 100,000 ( e.g. Syria, Jamaica, Egypt ) are classified as low rate states. [ 7 ] However, these rates may really be misdirecting as they do non convey the true extent of the job. For illustration, China has a suicide rate of about 25/100,000, which places it in the in-between scope but it accounts for the largest figure of human deceases from self-destruction yearly, with 287,000 reported suicide deceases ; therefore accounting for about a 3rd of the planetary mortality from self-destruction in a twelvemonth. [ 8 ] Similarly, India ‘s rate of 10/100,000 topographic points it marginally in front of states with low rates, but India is 2nd to China in the figure of suicide deceases recorded per twelvemonth, with reported figures of about 110,000 suicide deceases. [ 9 ] Khan, illustrated the deceptive nature of trusting wholly on these rates, without seting them in the larger context of the state ‘s population. He utilized comparative analysis utilizing the available figures, and showed that four states with high self-destruction rates: Lithuania, Russia, Estonia and Latvia have a combined entire figure of suicide deceases that is less than the entire figure of suicide deceases from India entirely, which is hardly above a low rate state. [ 10 ] Unfortunately, similar country-wide informations is non uniformly available across the Earth. Indeed, several states, including Nigeria, do non routinely cod decease records and have no describing systems to document the causes of decease. These non-reporting states exceed 50, and include states with populations totaling over 100 million people such as Indonesia, Pakistan and Bangladesh. [ 11 ] There is a dearth of research on self-destruction from developing states. Very small is known about self-destructions in many African states, including Nigeria. [ 12 ] Mental unwellness is seldom mentioned or is implicated in merely a little figure of self-destructions. The bulk of available studies in developing states are based on hospital necropsy studies or constabularies informations, neither of which would normally document psychological factors involved in self-destructions. Suicide is no longer a condemnable offense in any developed state but continues to be criminalized in many developing states, including Nigeria. Religious and societal factors besides continue to act upon the diagnosing and registering of self-destructions. Families do non unwrap the true nature of the act, for fright of torment by constabulary and the attendant societal stigma that would accrue from such revelations. Alternatively they are more likely to declare the decease an accident or in some instances, a homicide. [ 13 ] THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT There is dearth of information about the epidemiology of self-destruction in Nigeria. Suicides are by and large reported to be rare in less developed states. This is partially attributable to the routinely hapless records of decease and its causes. In a survey that evaluated medical examiners ‘ studies over a four-year period ( 1957-60 ) in the Western Region ( now broken down into several provinces ) of Nigeria, Asuni concluded that the self-destruction rate in Western Nigeria was really low. He reported higher rates of self-destruction in the rural countries compared to urban parts. [ 14 ] Some of import hospital-based surveies have besides provided utile penetration into this job. A reappraisal of reported instances of attempted self-destruction from the three largest infirmaries in Benin City ( Specialist, Uselu Psychiatric Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital ) indicated that the incidence had non increased over the four-year period crossing 1978 to 1981, during which the norm petroleum suicide effort rate was 7 per 100,000. The commonest age group was among adolescents aged 15-19 old ages ( 39.4 % ) , while about nine out of 10 triers ( 87 % ) were aged 30 old ages and below. The most of import predisposing factors reported were mental unwellness ( 32 % ) and parental struggle ( 24 % ) . There was no important gender difference. [ 15 ] In a six-month prospective survey of 39 instances of deliberate ego injury reported in the three major infirmaries in Ibadan, Nigeria ; Odejide et al. , found that about eight in 10 ( 76.9 % ) were under the age of 30 old ages ; and merely over half ( 51.3 % ) were pupils, while 25.6 % were manual workers. The commonest methods used were consumption of chemicals and psychotropic drugs. [ 16 ] Nwosu and Odesanmi, in a survey carried out in the Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, that was based on medico-legal necropsy studies, reported the self-destruction rate as 0.4 per 100,000 populations, with about four times as many males perpetrating self-destruction when compared to females ( ratio of 3.6:1 ) . The bulk of the self-destructions were committed by the consumption of Gammalin 20 and usage of the local Dane gun. [ 17 ] Large-scale epidemiological surveies have been late conducted among grownups. A nationally representative epidemiological survey, covering 21 out of the 36 provinces in Nigeria was conducted by Gureje et al. , among 6752 grownups, to measure for self-destruction related results, and their association with mental upsets and a history of childhood hardship. They reported prevalence of self-destructive ideation, program and efforts were 3.2 % , 1 % and 0.7 % severally. The presence of mental upsets, particularly temper jobs significantly correlated with suicide results, while a history of early childhood hardship was identified as a hazard factor for life-time self-destruction effort. [ 18 ] Uwakwe and Gureje besides examined the relationship between comorbid mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviors in the Nigerian study of mental wellness and wellbeing. They found that individuals with lifetime self-destruction efforts were more likely than those without efforts to hold experienced lifetime DSM-IV upsets. Lifetime triers were besides more likely to hold comorbid conditions. Eleven per centum of individuals with a lifetime history of self-destructive effort had three or more co-occurring upsets, as compared with merely 0.4 % of individuals with no history of life-time efforts. Controling for the effects of comorbid conditions suggests that while temper upsets may be independently associated with self-destructive results, comorbidity partially explains the association of anxiousness upsets and about to the full histories for the association of substance usage upsets with self-destructive results. The writers hence concluded that comorbidity is an of import factor in the association of mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviour in this environment. [ 19 ] Furthermore, Oladeji and Gureje, besides established a relationship between parental mental upsets and suicidal behavior in their progeny. The presence of panic upset and substance maltreatment in the parents were found to be associated with self-destructive ideation in the progeny, but merely parental panic upset was found to be related to suicidal efforts. The suggestion therefore, is that upsets of anxiousness and impulse control may play some function in the ascertained form of familial suicidal behaviors in their progeny. [ 20 ] Large graduated table surveies have besides been conducted among immature people in Nigeria. Omigbodun et al. , conducted a survey to set up the prevalence and associated psychosocial correlatives of self-destructive ideation and efforts among immature Nigerians, which revealed that, of the 1,429 young persons who were assessed, over 20 % reported self-destructive ideation and about 12 % reported that they had attempted suicide in the preceding twelvemonth. The survey reported the rates of both self-destructive ideation and efforts as care towards the upper bounds of acceptable rates for young persons. [ 21 ] The 2nd survey evaluated the presentation and psychosocial issues associated with preadolescent suicidal attempts utilizing the ‘hanging ‘ method in Nigeria, and reported the being of the undermentioned mental wellness jobs: depression, behavior jobs, oppositional defiant upset and impulse control jobs. Other factors found to be associated with these self-destructive behavior included nerve-racking life events such as household break, physical maltreatment, and strong-arming at school. [ 22 ] The form of attempted self-destruction in the Nigerian military context has besides been studied by Okulate. He described the features of patients who attempted self-destruction and examined the differences between the self-destruction triers and a group of non-suicidal, affectional upset patients at the Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital, Yaba, Nigeria. The survey revealed that self-destructive effort patients constituted 0.37 % of all admittances during a five-year period, and 60.8 % of them were under the age of 30 old ages. The Numberss of male and female patients were about the same. Depression and acute emphasis reaction were the normally associated diagnosings. While military dependants often ingested substances in their self-destruction efforts, military forces used more violent methods such as hanging and self-stabbing, but none used pieces. Compared with non self-destructive patients, suicide triers were more likely to be single and to hold a household history of m ental upset. [ 23 ] The highest hazards for passage from self-destructive ideation to planning, and from be aftering to attempted self-destruction normally occurs within the first twelvemonth of holding either the ideation or program. Other hazard factors for a life-time self-destructive effort include dysfunctional household backgrounds ; such as drawn-out separation from biological parents, high degrees of domestic struggles, childhood hardship, physical maltreatment and being nurtured by a adult female with a history of depression, anxiousness or self-destructive effort. [ 18 ] Refering the hazard and methods of suicide employed in Nigeria, new forms appear to hold emerged. HIV/AIDS has emerged as an extra hazard of self-destruction. [ 24,25 ] Other emerging hazards include the cyberspace and societal media every bit good as terrorist act and self-destruction bombardment which though foreigner to Nigerian society, appears to hold come to remain. Burning with kerosene [ 26 ] , cutting one ‘s pharynx [ 27 ] and bring downing perforating abdominal stab hurt on oneself [ 25 ] are besides new but upseting methods of trying and finishing self-destruction in Nigeria. Prevention STRATEGIES Suicide bar is having increased attending in many developed states, but remains mostly ignored in developing states like Nigeria. There are no easy solutions to the job of self-destruction in developing states, given the serious deficiency of resources and low precedence given to mental wellness. There is besides the extra job of limited research on self-destruction in developing states, doing it imperative to trust on bar schemes that have been proven to work elsewhere but non in developing states. Furthermore, due to the unfavorable attitude towards self-destruction and mental unwellness, every bit good as the punitory legal demands for self-destructive behavior, self-destruction continues to be under reported in developing states, doing it hard to carry on research or develop and prove bar schemes. The World Health Organization has identified suicide as an progressively of import country of public wellness and has issued guidelines to member provinces in order to develop and implement coordinated and comprehensive national and international schemes. It has besides included self-destruction as one of the nine precedence conditions in the late launched mhGAP Intervention manual for scaling up services for mental and neurological conditions globally. The mhGAP manual is designed to function as a preparation manual for non-specialists in the designation and proviso of intercession for precedence mental wellness conditions, as a manner of cut downing the immense intervention spread in several parts of the universe. [ 28 ] There is grounds for the effectivity of two major schemes for forestalling self-destruction. [ 29 ] These include limitation of entree to lethal agencies and developing programmes for primary attention physicians to heighten early acknowledgment and intervention of depression with or without self-destructive ideation. Both attacks should be utile in our scene, but the latter attack to heighten the ability of general practicians, primary wellness attention workers and all other cells of wellness professionals to acknowledge and offer intercessions for depressive upsets is of important importance. Suicidal behaviors are besides strongly associated with the presence of mental upsets. In a underdeveloped state like Nigeria an of import measure towards suicide bar will be to cut down the stigma associated with mental wellness jobs. A reappraisal of the state ‘s Mental Health Policy and Legislation, to comprehensively turn to the current challenges of mental upsets, and their complications, including self-destruction and self-destructive behavior is long delinquent. These attempts should besides take for the decriminalisation of self-destructive behaviors in our Torahs. These stairss will be meaningless, if our wellness records and describing systems are non reformed to include mortality rates and the certification of the causes of deceases. This should assist in determining the self-destruction rates in the state, and supply a platform for utile planning and the execution of suicide bar schemes. Focused research in this country should be promoted, particularly with regard to placing hazard factors, get bying mechanisms, protective factors and possible intercessions to minimise the calamity of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in this environment Decision In this work, the writers have demonstrated that self-destruction and suicidal behavior are a public wellness issue, merely like in other states of the universe. Like in other parts of the development universe merely a modest volume of research has been conducted on the topic in Nigeria, reflecting the deficiency of involvement of clinicians, research workers, policy shapers and, possibly, research grant suppliers on the topic. For better self-destruction research which should ensue in better bar schemes, it is imperative that self-destruction be decriminalized. Cultural and spiritual factors forestalling people from describing and stigmatising self-destruction should besides be addressed through public enlightenment runs. An betterment in the mortality records, that besides specifies the causes of decease should be ensured at all degrees of attention. It might besides be helpful if the WHO could leverage on member states to roll up and supply one-year self-destruction rates in their legal powers. Finally, self-destruction is a public wellness job that requires a multidisciplinary attempt at question, bar and direction. The earlier this is realized in the Nigerian context, the better for our emerging mental wellness attention. . How to cite Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Organizational Behavior which is Followed in Netbay Internet

Question: Discuss the organizational behavior which is followed in Netbay Internet. Answer: 1.0 Introduction In this assignment the researcher has discussed the organizational behavior which is followed in Netbay Internet. Netbay Internet is an internet service provider in Australia (Netbay.com.au 2016). Netbay Internet has provided internet service in Australia for a period of near about ten years. The organization is mainly located in Victoria and provides services almost across Australia. The organization mainly provides internet services in houses and offices through Broadband and dial-up connections. Near about 300 hundred employees are looking after the services of the organization (Netbay.com.au 2016). This assignment will discuss the present organizational culture and organizational structure of the organization. 2.0 Discussion 2.1 Organizational culture of Netbay Internet Organizational culture in an organization may be understood as the behavior and the values of the employees in any organization. Organizational culture creates a unique social and psychological environment within an organization. According to Ater, Givati and Rigbi (2014), employees in organizations are composed of people from different religions and cultures and this can be seen in Netbay Internet. The Chief Executive Officer of the organization takes the main decision in the organization and others execute the orders. Therefore, aggressive culture prevails in the organization and this creates confusion among the employees. The education level of the employees in the organization is also different. It is often seen that the employer of the organization do not communicate transparently with the employees about their strategies and this in turn leads to miscommunication among the employees of the organization. Behavior and attitudes of the employees in the organization is an important part for the proper functioning of Netbay Internet. Netbay Internet is planning to change the mindsets of the employees in the organization with the inclusion of values, respect and integrity within the organizational culture (Bakay 2015). This will help the employees of the organization to build collaboration and develop good interpersonal relationships among each other. Effective collaboration among the employees is missing in the organization. The employees are not properly communicated with each other. This has created miscommunication with the employees and top management. Openness is also another important characteristic which is missing in Netbay Internet. In the initial days, the employees in the organization were afraid to speak to the top management about their problems. Therefore, a community has been created by the employees of the organization through which their messages are communicated to the top management. However the community is not so strong in the organization. In the organization Netbay Internet training is not provided to the employees. This often creates a problem for the new joiners in the organization. New technology is also introduced by the organization to meet the requirement of the customers. However no training facility is provided to the employees to cope up with this new technology. This process has made the employees of the organization unsatisfied. Rewards and reorganization are not considered by the employer of the organization. This demotivates the employees in the organization. The pay packages of the employee are also not up to mark with the standard industry. The employees within the organization are also not promoted to the next higher level. All these have made the employees speak a bad mouth about the organization. 2.2 Organizational structure of Netbay Internet The organizational structure shows the different activities which are followed in an organization. Netbay Internet follows a centralized power structure. In this structure, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the organization generally takes the main decision and other members execute the functions (Ljungholm 2014). The organization Netbay Internet has three departments. They are the Marketing Department, Information Technology Department and Human Resource department. Figure 1: Organizational Structure of Netbay Internet (Source: Created by the author) The organization Netbay Internet generally follows autocratic leadership structure. In this autocratic leadership structure the organization follows centralized power structure. In this structure the top management takes the decision and the other employee only follow the orders. The organizational structure is composed of three departments. Each department has managers who look after the different activities. Netbay Internet is also overloaded with lot of mangers. This often creates problem within the organization. Different mangers have different views and this lead to conflict among the employees. Therefore the organization cannot reach its goal effectively. The marketing department of Netbay Internet takes part in developing the brand name of the organization. The marketing manager takes decision regarding the advertisement of the organization through the television or radio. The Internet is also used by the marketing manager to promote the services (Wittman 2014). The Information Technology department in Netbay Internet is responsible for purchasing and maintaining the network equipment (Lazaroiu 2015). Network manager has to maintain the server in the organization. The human resource manager of Netbay Internet looks after the wellbeing of the employees. The human resource manager looks after the recruitment, training, safety and payroll of the employees (Douma 2015). He or she also looks after the attendance of the employees and maintains a good relationship with the employees. This activity has improved the efficiency of the employees The employees within the organization also lacks in specialization. As the employees in the organization are not specialized they often come across different types of problem. The problems cannot be easily solved and this reduces the productivity of the organization as a whole. The organization is facing problems because of lack of specialization. In the structure followed by the organization decisions are taken by the top management. Lower level employees only execute the orders of the top management. The lower level executives cannot make any decision. All these hamper the functioning of the organization. 3.0 Recommendation In the organization Netbay Internet aggressive culture is followed. The CEO is the main decision maker in the organization and others have little part in it. So in order to resolve problem following recommendations are taken by the organization. To introduce a transparent policy in the organization. To prevent employee harassment by introducing new rules. To introduce decentralize power structure, where junior level employees can take decision. To introduce relationship-driven approach in the organization. Warm and friendly relation is developed by the employees of the organization through relationship driven approach. Through a relationship-driven approach, the customers of the organization are handled effectively and efficiently. This process has increased the revenue generation of the organization. Rewards and reorganization should be introduced in the organization. Rewards should be mainly in the form of monetary benefits. This will motivate the employees to give their best efforts. The best employee of the year can also enjoy a free trip to Singapore with their family. This process should motivate the employees in Netbay Internet to give their best efforts. The employer should have arranged a training facility for the new recruits in the organization. The new joiners are given training for a period of 30 days in the organization. In these 30 days, the new joiners are trained about their activities and procedures to be followed in the organization. The first fifteen days are in-house training and the remaining fifteen days are on the job training. Along with these, the employees in the organization are also trained when a new technology is implemented in the organization. Therefore such training will help the employees in the organization to carry out their activities and thereby improve the productivity of the organization. To reduce the pressure of the employees by introducing fun session. 4.0 Conclusion The researcher has thoroughly discussed the organizational structure in Netbay Internet. Effective collaboration among the employees in the organization increases the productivity of the organization. Rewards and recognitions are also discussed by the researcher. A brief description of the organizational culture is also described by the researcher in this assignment. The researcher has also discussed about the recommendation which will solve problems in the organization. References Ater, I., Givati, Y. and Rigbi, O. 2014, "Organizational structure, police activity and crime",Journal of Public Economics,vol. 115, pp. 62-71. Bakay, A. 2015, "Does Interpersonal Trust Influence Organizational Behavior?",Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics,vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 219-238. Douma, C. 2015, "Designing a Quality and Safety Organizational Structure",Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews,vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 53-56. Gotsis, G. and Grimani, K. 2015, "Virtue theory and organizational behavior: an integrative framework",Journal of Management Development,vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1288-1309. Hauser, L. 2014, "WORK MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR",Economics, Management and Financial Markets,vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 239. Lazaroiu, G. 2015, "Work motivation and organizational behavior",Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 66. Ljungholm, D.P. 2014, "EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR",Economics, Management and Financial Markets,vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 128. Waller, M.J. 2015, "Organizational Behavior: A Brief Overview and Safety Orientation",Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care,vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 378-381. Wittman, D. 2014, "Strategic behavior and organizational structure in religions",British Journal of Political Science,vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 717.